An Evaluation of Exclusive Breastfeeding Awareness and Adherence Among Mothers in Niger State
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Background of the Study
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a critical practice recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the first six months of an infant's life, as it provides optimal nutrition and immunity against infections (WHO, 2023). Despite global and national efforts to promote EBF, adherence remains suboptimal in many parts of Nigeria, including Niger State, where cultural beliefs, maternal workload, and lack of awareness influence breastfeeding practices. Many mothers introduce complementary foods and water before six months, which increases the risk of malnutrition and infections. This study evaluates the level of awareness and adherence to exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Niger State, identifying factors that influence their decisions.
Statement of the Problem
In Niger State, low adherence to exclusive breastfeeding has contributed to high rates of infant morbidity and malnutrition. Many mothers lack adequate knowledge of the benefits of EBF or face societal and economic barriers that prevent strict adherence. There is limited empirical data on the awareness levels and factors affecting EBF practices among mothers in the state. This study seeks to bridge this gap by evaluating breastfeeding awareness and adherence levels and proposing strategies to improve EBF rates.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess mothers' awareness levels of exclusive breastfeeding in Niger State.
2. To evaluate the rate of adherence to exclusive breastfeeding among mothers.
3. To identify factors influencing mothers' decisions to practice or abandon exclusive breastfeeding.
Research Questions
1. What is the level of awareness of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Niger State?
2. To what extent do mothers adhere to exclusive breastfeeding recommendations?
3. What are the key barriers to exclusive breastfeeding adherence in Niger State?
Research Hypotheses
1. Low awareness of exclusive breastfeeding negatively affects adherence among mothers in Niger State.
2. Socioeconomic and cultural factors influence exclusive breastfeeding adherence.
3. Increased breastfeeding education will improve adherence rates among mothers in Niger State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on mothers with infants under six months attending hospitals, clinics, and community healthcare centers in Niger State. Limitations may include recall bias from mothers reporting past breastfeeding behaviors and reluctance to discuss breastfeeding challenges.
Definitions of Terms
• Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF): The practice of feeding an infant only breast milk, without water or other foods, for the first six months.
• Breastfeeding Adherence: The extent to which mothers follow recommended exclusive breastfeeding practices.
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